Info on Chicks:

Baby chickens are called chicks.  They are very cute, but too often children receive a chick as a pet, and often the chick dies because the child and parents do not know how to care for the chick properly.  It is important to know how to care for the chick so that it will not die, and will grow into a healthy chicken.  A young female chicken is called a pullet.  An adult female is called a hen. A young male chicken is called a cockerel.  An adult male chicken is called a cock or rooster.  There are many different breeds of chickens.  The colors and patterns of chicks will change greatly when they lose their fluffy down and get feathers.  Some breeds of chickens produce more eggs than others and some are better for their meat than others.  Look into the breed you are considering and don’t just go out and buy some chicks because they looked cute.

What is a Brooder?

 

A brooder is a heated area or enclosure for raising young fowl.  It provides an optimum environment in which heat, light, food, and water can be carefully controlled.  You will need to setup a brooder for your chicks before you bring them home.  Read the instructions below to lean how to set up a brooder.

Housing for your chicks:

Large plastic buckets/tubs make a great brooder for your chicks.  Make sure it is a foot or two tall so they can not escape.  As the chicks get bigger you can use chicken wire or some sort of wire mesh to make a lid.  You can take the original lid to the plastic tub and cut out the center, leaving 1-3 inches on the rim and cover this hole with chicken wire/mesh.  Use caution that you cut enough of the lid out to allow plenty of air to enter and heat to exit from the lamp (heating is expanded upon below).  It is best to keep the brooder in the house as the climate outside may be too hot or cold.  Depending on where you live and the time of year, you may be able to use your garage or shed.  But be very careful as the chicks are fragile and could die if they get chilled or over heated!  As the chicks grow you may need more space for them depending on how many you have in the brooder and how big the brooder is.  When the chicks are around 4 weeks or older they should be ready to be move outside to a pen that is completely enclosed with a top.  If you live where it snows (and you are in winter) you should wait longer before placing the chicks outside; unless you give them a heat lamp and have a well sheltered barn/coop.  If you already have existing chickens they may not accepted the new chicks.  Some flocks will even kill new members.  It is best to have a separate pen for the chicks that you can place next to your existing chickens so they can become acquainted with the chicks.  After a few weeks you can try introducing the chicks into your flock.

 

Heating:

When chicks are hatched by a hen, the hen will look after the chicks and keep them warm.  But for chicks that you buy at stores, they do not come with a momma hen.  It is very important to provide your chicks with a heat lamp at all times until they are around 4 weeks.  The temperature should be around 90°- 95° for chicks between the ages of 1-7 days old.  Place a heat lamp at one end of the brooder this will ensure that the chicks can get away from the heat if they get too hot.  Often chicks die in the brooder because people use a heat lamp in the center of a small brooder thus trapping the chicks directly under the bulb.  Place the heat lamp about 18 inches from the floor of the brooder.  You can raise or lower the lamp if you think the chicks are too hot or cold.  If the chicks are hot they will stay as far away as possible from the lamp, which indicates that you should raise the lamp.  If the chicks are always under the lamp, you should lower the heat.  Depending on what wattage bulb you use, will determine how close or far it needs to be.  After the chicks are one week old start decreasing the heat by 5 degrees every week.  You can use a reptile heat controller (See photo below) to do this or raise the lamp slightly every week.  When the chicks are about 4 weeks old they will no longer require the heat lamp.  If it is winter when the chicks are ready to go outside you can give them a heat lamp at night or all the time depending how cold it is.  If you fear the chicks will still be too cold at night outside, you can be on the safe side and bring them in every evening for a few weeks.

Bedding:

For bedding in the brooder you can use shavings from the feed store or you can use paper shreds from your shredder as long as there are no staples in the paper shreds.  If your chickens are in a brooder that has a wire bottom you will not need bedding as the waste from the chicks will drop down.

Cleaning:

The bedding will need to be changed every 2-3 days and the brooder should be washed and dried.  The more chicks you have and the bigger they get, the more cleaning you will need to do.  If you have a large brooder with only a few chicks then you may only need to clean the brooder every 5 days.  Something to look out for is, often the bedding gets into the water and the water leaks out making a big mess and when this happens you must clean the brooder by remove all the wet bedding.

Water Dish:

Chicks and chickens are messy birds and this can be a problem with water.  Chicks need clean water to stay healthy and hydrated.  Also chicks can easily drown in water dishes that are a few inches deep.  The best thing to do is buy specially made chick waters at the feed store.  As the chicks grow and become about 5 days old it will help to raise the water up a little so the bedding and poo does not get into the water.  You can use a small brick or something to boost the water dish up as the chicks continue to grow.  Just make sure that whatever you use to raise the water is sturdy so the water does not get tipped over and injure the chick!  Also be sure that the chicks are able to reach the water.  Lastly do not place the water dish directly under the heating lamp otherwise it will evaporate too fast and become to warm for the chicks to drink.

Water:

You can ad vitamins/electrolytes to the chick’s water.  Or if your new chicks seem very stressed when you get them you can ad 3 tablespoons of sugar to 1 quart of water to give them extra energy.  It is always a good idea to show your chicks were the water is by dipping their beaks in gently.  Another way to show them is dipping your finger into the water.  Normally the momma hen would teach the chicks to drink by example but without a momma hen you get to teach them.  Often it is the smaller chicks that need the most help and you may need to show them multiple times.  For older chicks (over 1 week) you should not have a problem.  If you have a big brooder you should place water in 2 or more places.

Food Dish:

It is natural for chicks to scratch in the bedding for food but they will also do it in the feed dish.  This is why you see those feeders with oval holes.  The holes are just big enough for the chicks to put their heads in but small enough to prevent them from scathing the feed out.  It is best to buy chick feeders for the food and to not use open dishes because the chicks will scratch it all out and waste it.  Just like up above in the water dish section; eventually you will need to raise the feeder up to keep the bedding from falling in.  I use wire, one on both ends of the feeder and string it up.  You can hook it on the side of the brooder by bending down the top of the wire over the side or if you have a mesh lid hang it from that.  It is best not to place the food dish next to the water because the food will get in the water and make it dirty. Do not put the food dish directly under the heat lamp either because it is metal and will heat up fast.

Food:

 

There are 3 different types of food your chicks will need.  Any of these three feeds can come in pellet, crumble, or mash form.  The first feed your chicks will need is called chick start.  You will need to feed this to them until they are fully feathered and are a few weeks old.  The second feed is grower.  You can feed this to them until they are ready to lay eggs at 4-6 months.  The third is lay feed.  You can give this to them at 4-6 months old through the remainder of their life.  Whenever you change over the feed it is best to do it gradually by adding the new feed to the old.  It is not necessary to do this because all three feeds have a lot of the same ingredients.  You can read and follow the instructions on the feed’s bag to know exactly when to switch from chick start to grower and then lay feed.  Every brand of feed is a little different.

What form of food to feed:

Again there are three forms that the three feeds come in pellet, crumble, and mash form.  What I personally like to do is feed the chick start, in mash form because it is easier for the tiny chicks to break down to digest.  When the chicks are ready for grower I feed it in a mash and sometimes a crumble.  For the lay feed I always feed it in the lay pellet form.  I use to feed the lay mash to my chickens because it was cheaper.  I later learned that they wasted about a third of the mash because it was a little too powdery.  The chickens would pick out the bigger pieces and the rest would get kicked out of the feeder.  The mash was just too fine for the big birds and it would get mixed in the poo and they would not eat it.  So in the end, the pellets were the better way to go and my chickens lay more eggs on it compared to the mash.  One last thing about the lay pellet, it is possible for the chicken to choke on the pellet but it is rare.